blood pdf notes

In its simplest form, the cardiac cycle is the simultaneous contraction of both atria, followed a fraction of a second later by the simultaneous contraction of both ventricles. Rh Blood Group System •Rh antigens are an integral part of the red cell membrane. A & P Chapter 13 Notes. Composition of blood: 1. ; Translucent, yellowish, little viscous when centrifuged. Human Anatomy & Physiology: Blood & Hematology; Ziser Lecture Notes, 2014.4 1 Blood & Hematology the human body is made up mostly of water (~65%) rdmost (almost 2/3’s) is in our body cells about 30% in between cells (tissue spaces) only ~8% of that water is in the circulatory system the body’s transport system plays key role in The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in one heartbeat. 7. • Wastes from cells: urea, CO2 (mainly as HCO3-in solution in the plasma).Temperature Regulation: by altering the blood flow through the skin. Pulmonary vessels – transport blood to and from the lungs 2. Antigens (agglutinogens) a. surface molecules on RBC’s b. at least 50 different kinds (A, B, D most important) c. type A blood has only antigen A d. type B blood has only antigen B e. type AB blood has both antigen A and B f. type O blood has neither antigen Normal range: 60-80 gm/dl of blood. 2. Plasma constitutes for about 54% of our blood. Where is all this water? What blood type is known as the "Universal Recipient"? 1. B. LYMPH (within lymph vessels) C. BLOOD VESSELS • BLOOD is required by the body to maintain homeostasis. THE CARDIAC CYCLE 1. Blood vessel spasm 1. cutting or breaking of blood vessels simulates smooth muscle contraction (vasospasm) 2. may last only a few minutes; effect can last up to 30 minutes 3. serotonin- a hormone that can further contract smooth muscle • An average 70 kg man has almost 5L blood (5.5 kg). 14 II. Agglutination is the clumping of red blood cells following a transfusion reaction 2. Plasma proteins: Helps in maintaining osmotic pressure, … . Carries blood 2. 2. Functions of Blood System Transport: to and from tissue cells • Nutrients to cells: amino acids, glucose, vitamins, minerals, lipids (as lipoproteins). BIOLOGY 12 - CHAPTER 11 - BLOOD - CHAPTER NOTES • Human beings are approximately 70% WATER by body weight. A. The heart consists of cardiac muscle cells that connect with each other – they are branched – and • Most of this water is within cells, while a smaller amount is found within: A. TISSUE FLUID (surrounds cells B. _AB_ C. Complete the diagram using the class notes. •Rh is a blood group system with many antigens, one of which is D. •Rh refers to the presence or absence of the D antigen on the red blood cell. • Blood circulates throughout the body and supports the functions of all other body tissues. Topic Notes Blood The main functions of blood are to transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, hormones and waste around the body. 92% of it is water. Blood is a liquid connective tis Blood integrates tissues and organs and provide a special means of communications. Plasma = (Blood- Blood cells) It is the liquid part of blood and is composed of 90-92 % water, 7-8 % plasma protein and 1-2% other substances (glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, ammonia, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, etc). D. Complete this statement: A person with Rh + blood may receive blood that is _+_ or _-_, while a person with Rh - blood can only receive _-_ blood. Rh (Rhesus) Factors What animal helped scientists discover Rh proteins in blood? Plasma. BLOOD • One of the largest organs of the body. Blood Vessels and Circulation – read pages 350 - 353 Two classes of blood vessels based on location 1. Systemic vessels – transport blood to and from the body Five functions of the circulatory system 1. Blood also fights infection and regulates temperature. • Oxygen: by red blood corpuscles (oxyhaemoglobin - 4 x O2 molecules/haemoglobin). BLOOD GROUPS System AB0 Agglutinogens A, B – on membrane of RBC A – acetyl-galactosamine B – D-galactose H – acetyl-glucosamine – maternal substance 6 blood types: A 1, A 2, B, A 1B, A 2B, 0(H) Agglutinins anti-A and anti-B Blood group Agglutinogen (RBC) Agglutinin (plasma)

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