how many types of vector control methods

National malaria control programmes should select insecticides for a given area on the basis of the residual efficacy of the insecticide, cost, safety and the type of surface to be sprayed. Subtractive synthesis is perhaps the most common form. We know that all vectors have initial and terminal points. 2. Productive larval habitats should be treated with chemicals only if environmental management methods or other non-chemical methods cannot be easily applied or are too costly. The treatment cycle will depend on the species of mosquito, seasonality of transmission, patterns of rainfall, duration of efficacy of the larvicide and types of larval habitat. Any point X taken in the plane is said to be a position vector. Since 2000, nearly 2 billion ITNs have been delivered to malaria-endemic countries. The internal and external walls of containers are sprayed until they are covered by a film of insecticide, and spraying is also extended to cover any wall within 60 cm of the container. Water-storage containers can be designed to prevent access by mosquitoes for oviposition. Because these vaccines are so similar to the natural infection that they help prevent, they create a strong and long-lasting immune response. Environmental modification – long-lasting physical transformations to reduce vector larval habitats, such as installation of a reliable piped water supply to communities, including household connections. The new guidelines provide a “one-stop shop” for all countries and partners working to implement effective malaria vector control measures. IRS is another powerful way to rapidly reduce malaria transmission. aegypti and remove the origin of other urban pests. This will destroy existing and subsequent larval infestations in containers of non-potable water, and will kill the adult mosquitoes that frequent these sites. 13. 2017 NPDES Notice of … It is historical in nature and is also known … Mosquito vector control methods Integrated vector management. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. This method is suitable only for collections of non-potable water (such as in large piles of tyres or discarded food and beverage containers). Pest And Vector Control Akademik Ciamik 2010 PPT. It is denoted as \( \vec{0} \).Since the magnitude is zero, we cannot assign a direction to these vectors. It involves spraying the inside of housing structures with an insecticide with a long residual activity, typically once or twice per year. Vector control has been proven to successfully reduce or interrupt malaria transmission when coverage is sufficiently high. There are reports of the use of mechanical vector control methods, such as sleeping in high buildings, where mosquitoes were unable to fly due to wind; the use of bed nets in Egypt (as noted by Herodotus 484–425 B.C.) The difficulty of accessing indoor larval habitats of Ae. Perifocal treatment involves the use of hand-held or power-operated equipment to spray, for example, wettable powder or emulsifiable-concentrate formulations of insecticide on larval habitats and peripheral surfaces. Many malaria-affected countries do not routinely carry out adequate testing, which means that our understanding of the scale of insecticide resistance continues to be incomplete. Extreme care must be taken when treating drinking-water to avoid dosages that are toxic for humans. Job history information on DDT exposures must be very detailed in order to provide valid estimates of exposure. Vector-control strategies should be devised through an integrated vector management (IVM) approach. WHO recommends that endemic countries protect all those at risk of malaria with ITNs or, where appropriate, IRS. Removable covers should be replaced every time water is removed and should be well maintained to prevent damage that permits mosquitoes to get in and out. However, this type of control measure requires trained staff and specialized control services, and both of these are unfortunately lacking in many of the most affected countries.

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