what is zinc

Other diseases associated with zinc deficiency include malabsorption syndrome, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, malignancy, and other chronic illnesses [38]. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. [19], German metallurgist Andreas Libavius received a quantity of what he called "calay" of Malabar from a cargo ship captured from the Portuguese in 1596. [57] Some coins struck by Romans in the Christian era are made of what is probably calamine brass. The RDAs are 8 and 11 mg/day. Mineral intakes of elderly adult supplement and non-supplement users in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. [, Black RE. [91] Zinc mines are scattered throughout the world, with the main areas being China, Australia, and Peru. Zinc levels of 2000 ppm to 180,000 ppm (18%) have been recorded in some soil samples. A review. [12][118] Another alloy, marketed under the brand name Prestal, contains 78% zinc and 22% aluminium, and is reported to be nearly as strong as steel but as malleable as plastic. A meta-analysis of the effects of oral zinc in the treatment of acute and persistent diarrhea. Legumes like chickpeas, lentils and beans all contain substantial amounts of zinc. BMJ 2003;326:409-10. [, Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. King JC, Cousins RJ. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), a large, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (n = 3,597), evaluated the effect of high doses of selected antioxidants (500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, and 15 mg beta-carotene) with or without zinc (80 mg as zinc oxide) on the development of advanced AMD in older individuals with varying degrees of AMD [73]. [107] A zinc disc attached to a ship's iron rudder will slowly corrode while the rudder stays intact. Zinc deficiency: a special challenge. Gastrointestinal surgery and digestive disorders (such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and short bowel syndrome) can decrease zinc absorption and increase endogenous zinc losses primarily from the gastrointestinal tract and, to a lesser extent, from the kidney [2,27,36,37]. [, Naber TH, van den Hamer CJ, Baadenhuysen H, Jansen JB. It helps the immune system fight off invading bacteria and viruses. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. Zinc plays a vital role in the body as it is required for numerous aspects of cellular metabolism and is necessary for the catalyses of approximately 200 enzymes. [98], In the brain, zinc is stored in specific synaptic vesicles by glutamatergic neurons and can modulate neuronal excitability. Taking the antibiotic at least 2 hours before or 4–6 hours after taking a zinc supplement minimizes this interaction [89]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Nutrition 1995;11:93-9. [212] A 2005 study found that various compounds of zinc, including oxide and sulfate, did not show statistically significant differences in absorption when added as fortificants to maize tortillas. Predisposition to infections 6. [178][179], In humans, the biological roles of zinc are ubiquitous. To minimize this interaction, individuals should take zinc supplements at least 2 hours before or after taking penicillamine [88]. J Am Diet Assoc 2003;103:748-65. [, Black RE. Any mention in this publication of a specific product or service, or recommendation from an organization or professional society, does not represent an endorsement by ODS of that product, service, or expert advice. Acta Med Scand 1980;208:209-12. For infants up to 12 months the RDA is 3 mg/day. The body also needs zinc to make proteins and DNA, the genetic material in all cells. In fact, zinc is the second-most-abundant trace mineral in your body — after iron — and is present in every cell (2). The effects of zinc supplementation on diarrhea in children with adequate zinc status, such as most children in the United States, are not clear. [201] Some EF-hand calcium binding proteins such as S100 or NCS-1 are also able to bind zinc ions. A few examples are provided below. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is vital to many aspects of your health. Currently, these safety concerns have not been found to be associated with cold lozenges containing zinc. Legumes. In North America, overt zinc deficiency is uncommon [2]. The theoretical and computational description of this zinc binding in proteins (as well as that of other transition metals) is difficult. As previously noted, the safety of intranasal zinc has been called into question because of numerous reports of anosmia (loss of smell), in some cases long-lasting or permanent, from the use of zinc-containing nasal gels or sprays [15-17]. Zinc is a metallic element that has the atomic number 30 and the symbol Zn. [106] The zinc is applied electrochemically or as molten zinc by hot-dip galvanizing or spraying. J Trop Pediatr 1997;43:192-8. If deposits of zinc carbonate, zinc silicate, or zinc spinel (like the Skorpion Deposit in Namibia) are used for zinc production, the roasting can be omitted. [114] Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in certain types of machine bearings. [, Anderson I. Zinc as an aid to healing. J Nutr 2003;133:1485S-9S. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. [135] Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used. [, Hulisz D. Efficacy of zinc against common cold viruses: an overview. By stacking these units in series, the Voltaic pile (or "battery") as a whole had a higher voltage, which could be used more easily than single cells. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1121. [92] The ore is finely ground, then put through froth flotation to separate minerals from gangue (on the property of hydrophobicity), to get a zinc sulfide ore concentrate[92] consisting of about 50% zinc, 32% sulfur, 13% iron, and 5% SiO2. Numerous case reports of anosmia (loss of the sense of smell), in some cases long-lasting or permanent, have been associated with the use of zinc-containing nasal gels or sprays [15,16]. Learn more about the properties and uses of zinc in this article. [198], The human dopamine transporter contains a high affinity extracellular zinc binding site which, upon zinc binding, inhibits dopamine reuptake and amplifies amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux in vitro. [192], Zinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Does oral zinc aid the healing of chronic leg ulcers? [, Hooper PL, Visconti L, Garry PJ, Johnson GE. Zinc is a chemical element having the chemical Zn and atomic number 30. The FNB has established ULs for zinc (Table 3). Iron-deficiency anemia is a serious world-wide public health problem. Disability and even deaths from excessive use of these products have been claimed. [236] The consumption of fruit juices stored in galvanized cans has resulted in mass parrot poisonings with zinc.

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